Characteristics, differences and uses of fourteen types of bearings
Bearings are the most important components in machinery and equipment. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotating body to reduce the friction coefficient of the mechanical load of the equipment during the transmission process.
According to the bearing direction or nominal contact angle, the bearing is divided into: radial bearing, thrust bearing.
According to the type of rolling element, it is divided into: ball bearing, roller bearing.
According to whether it can be aligned, it is divided into: self-aligning bearing, non-self-aligning bearing (rigid bearing).
According to the number of columns of rolling elements, it is divided into: single row bearing, double row bearing, and multi-row bearing.
According to whether the parts can be separated, it is divided into: separable bearing, non-separable bearing.
In addition, there are classifications by structural shape and size.
This article mainly shares the characteristics, differences and corresponding uses of 13 common bearings.
1. Angular contact ball bearings
There is a contact angle between the ring and the ball, the standard contact angle is 15°, 30° and 40°, the larger the contact angle, the greater the axial load capacity, the smaller the contact angle, the more conducive to high-speed rotation, the single row bearing can bear radial load and unidirectional axial load. Structurally, two single-row angular contact ball bearings with a backside combination share the inner and outer rings, and can bear radial loads and bidirectional axial loads.
Main Applications:
Single row: machine tool spindle, high-frequency motor, gas turbine, centrifugal separator, small car front wheel, differential pinion shaft.
Double row: oil pump, roots blower, air compressor, various transmissions, fuel injection pumps, printing machinery.
2. Self-aligning ball bearings
Double-row steel balls, the outer ring raceway is spherical type, so it can automatically adjust the shaft misalignment caused by deflection or misalignment of the shaft or housing, and the tapered bore bearing can be easily mounted on the shaft by using fasteners, mainly to bear radial loads.
Main uses: woodworking machinery, textile machinery transmission shaft, vertical mounted spherical bearing.
This kind of bearing is equipped with spherical rollers between the outer ring of the spherical raceway and the inner ring of the double raceway, according to the different internal structures, it is divided into four types: R, RH, RH and SR, because the arc center of the outer ring raceway is consistent with the center of the bearing, it has the performance of self-alignment, so it can automatically adjust the shaft misalignment caused by the deflection or misalignment of the shaft or shell, and can bear radial load and two-way axial load.
Main uses: papermaking machinery, reducer device, railway vehicle axle, rolling mill gearbox seat, rolling mill roller table, crusher, vibrating screen, printing machinery, woodworking machinery, various industrial reducers, vertical self-aligning bearings with seats.
4.Thrust spherical roller bearings
The spherical rollers are arranged obliquely in this kind of bearing, because the raceway surface of the seat ring is spherical, it has the ability to align itself, so it can allow the shaft to have a number of inclinations, the axial load capacity is very large, and it can also bear a number of radial loads while bearing the axial load, and oil lubrication is generally used when using.
Main uses: hydroelectric generators, vertical motors, propeller shafts for ships, reducers for rolling screws in steel rolling mills, tower cranes, coal mills, extruders, forming machines.
These bearings are equipped with round table rollers, which are guided by a large inner ring flange, which is designed so that the vertices of the inner ring raceway surface, the outer ring raceway surface and the tapered surface of the roller rolling surface intersect at a point on the bearing centerline. Single row bearings can withstand radial and unidirectional axial loads, and double row bearings can withstand radial and bidirectional axial loads, which are suitable for bearing heavy loads and shock loads.
Main uses: automobiles: front wheels, rear wheels, transmissions, differentials, pinion shafts. Machine tool spindles, construction machinery, large agricultural machinery, railway vehicle gear reducer device, rolling mill roll neck and deceleration device.
Structurally, each ring of a deep groove ball bearing has a continuous groove raceway with a cross-section of approximately one-third of the circumference of the ball's equator. Deep groove ball bearings are mainly used to bear radial loads, but can also bear certain axial loads.
When the radial clearance of the bearing increases, it has the properties of angular contact ball bearings and can withstand axial loads alternating in both directions. Compared with other types of bearings of the same size, this type of bearing has a small friction coefficient, high ultimate speed and high precision, and is the preferred bearing type for users when selecting the type.
Main uses: automobiles, tractors, machine tools, motors, water pumps, agricultural machinery, textile machinery, etc.
It consists of a washer-shaped raceway ring with a raceway and a ball and cage assembly, and the raceway ring that fits with the shaft is called the shaft ring, and the raceway ring that fits with the housing is called the seat ring. The two-way bearing is matched with the secret shaft of the middle ring, and the one-way bearing can bear the one-way axial load, and the two-way bearing can bear the two-way axial load (neither of which can bear the radial load).
Main uses: automotive steering pins, machine tool spindles.
8. Thrust roller bearings
Thrust roller bearings are used to bear the axial load as the main shaft, the meridional combined load, but the meridional load shall not exceed 55% of the axial load. Compared with other thrust roller bearings, this type of bearing has a lower friction factor, higher rotational speed and self-alignment ability. The rollers of the 29000 bearing are asymmetrical spherical rollers, which can reduce the relative sliding of the stick and the raceway in the work, and the rollers are long and large, the diameter is large, the number of rollers is large, and the load capacity is large.
Main uses: hydroelectric generators, crane hooks.
9. Cylindrical roller bearings
The rollers of cylindrical roller bearings are usually guided by the two flanges of one bearing ring, and the cage rollers and guide rings form a combination of parts, which can be separated from the other bearing ring, which belongs to separable bearings.
This kind of bearing installation is more convenient to disassemble, especially when the inner and outer rings, shafts and shells are interference fits. These bearings are generally only used to bear radial loads, and only single row bearings with flanges in both inner and outer rings can withstand small constant axial loads or large intermittent axial loads.
Main uses: large motors, machine tool spindles, axle axle boxes, diesel engine crankshafts, automobiles, subboxes with a lot of memory in mind, etc.
10. Four-point contact ball bearing
It can bear radial load and bidirectional axial load, a single bearing can replace the angular contact ball bearing of the front combination or the back combination, and is suitable for bearing the pure axial load or the composite load with a large axial load component, this kind of bearing can form one of the contact angles when bearing the axial load in any direction, so the ring and the ball are always in contact with the two sides of the contact line.
Main uses: aircraft jet engines, gas turbines.
11. Thrust cylindrical roller bearings
It consists of a washer-shaped raceway ring (shaft ring, seat ring) and a cylindrical roller and cage assembly. The cylindrical rollers are machined convex, so the pressure distribution between the rollers and the raceway surface is uniform, and it can withstand unidirectional axial loads, with large axial load capacity and strong axial rigidity.
Main uses: oil drilling rigs, iron and steel machinery.
12. Thrust needle roller bearing
The split bearing consists of a raceway ring with a needle roller and cage assembly, and can be combined with a thin stamped raceway ring or a thick cut raceway ring. The non-separable bearing is an integral bearing composed of a raceway ring and needle roller and cage assembly that has been precision stamped, which can bear unidirectional axial load, this kind of bearing occupies a small space, which is conducive to the compact design of machinery, and most of them only use needle roller and cage assembly, and the mounting surface of the shaft and shell is used as the raceway surface.
Main uses: Transmission devices for automobiles, cultivators, machine tools, etc.
13. Thrust tapered roller bearings
This kind of bearing is equipped with a round table roller (the big end is spherical), the roller is accurately guided by the raceway ring (shaft ring, housing ring) flange, the design makes the shaft ring and the raceway surface of the seat ring and the apex of each conical surface of the roller rolling surface intersect at a point on the bearing center line, the one-way bearing can bear the one-way axial load, and the two-way bearing can bear the two-way axial load.
Main Applications:
One-way: crane hook, oil rig swivel.
Bi-directional: rolling mill roll neck.
14. Spherical ball bearings with seats
Mounted spherical ball bearings consist of outer spherical ball bearings with seals on both sides and cast (or stamped steel plate) housings. The internal structure of the outer spherical ball bearing is the same as that of the deep groove ball bearing, but the inner ring of this kind of bearing is wider than the outer ring, and the outer ring has a truncated spherical outer surface, which can be self-aligned when matched with the concave spherical surface of the bearing seat.
Main uses: mining, metallurgy, agriculture, chemical industry, textile, printing and dyeing. conveying machinery, etc.
Post time: Mar-31-2025
